Note: This is an extract from Indochina Report.


Vietnamization Process

“Would the International Community let Kampuchea experience the same fate as that of the Baltic States?”

but single socio-economic frame embracing Laos and Kampuchea. Indeed, the concept of “gradual implementation of labour distribution, ensuring an effective use of labour and land potentials of the three countries”, put forward by Vo Van Kiet at the First Indochinese Planning Conference in February 1984, constitutes the new rationale for the socio-economic integration among the Indochinese countries. A Vietnamese dissident source reported that in October 1982, Vietnamese demographers and settlement planners in Hanoi have been ordered by the party leadership to project “a comprehensive scheme of transborder migrations within the new frame of Indochina”. Consisting of different progressive phases, the programme would affect some 7 million Vietnamese to be resettled within a period of 20 years. If confirmed, the current migration trends of Vietnamese settlers into Kampuchea constitute merely the floating tip of the iceberg. As a Khmer scholar, Lao Mong Hay pessimistically projected: 'If such possibilities materialize, then there might no longer be ethnic Vietnamese civilians but an ethnic Cambodian minority in Kampuchea instead."

Conclusion

Nearly six years after the Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea, the Vietnamisation process is now well under way. The first Indochinese Culture Conference, convened in Phnom Penh in April 1984, concluded with statement projecting “the establishment – an important objective – of a new culture, which must be popularized in all localities of each country.” In fact, the Vietnamisation of schooling is accelerating, while the Vietnamese advisors are encouraged to take Khmer wives. Regular pools of young Khmers, as well as young Vietnamese, aged from 14 to 20, are being given six-months of Indoctrination training on the cult of Ho Chi Minh, the defence and promotion of the so-called collective mastery, the Indochinese solidarity and socialist inter-nationalism.

The Vietnamisation of education and culture in Kampuchea constitute only the most visible aspect of the process. In fact, the Phnom Penh regime is today locked, completely, within an integrated system of domination that the VCP has constantly learnt and improved upon through its experience in South Vietnam and in Laos. Furthermore, the fascination that the Soviet expansionist pattern has for long exerted on the Hanoi leadership has been such that, as good disciples of Stalin, they have transposed and adapted somehow or other, the Soviet model-in Indochina. At best Kampuchea as well as Laos, are becoming satellites of a new kind. At worse, Kampuchea and Laos are destined to experience the fate of the forgotten Baltic countries: Littuania, Letonia, Estonia.


INDOCHINA REPORT 16 October 1984

This is the perspective from Hanoi. Any assessment of the situation in Kampuchea must be based on an in-depth knowledge of how the Vietnamese domination system works and what are the basic trends at work within this country. In Hanoi's view, the Vietnamisation of Kampuchea, as well as that of Laos, constitutes undoubtedly the last phase of a strategy which would assure the VCP the final victory: the total domination of Indochina. And as long as the current leadership runs Vietnam – almost that same leaders who have drawn and carried on the Great Design of an Indochinese federation – most probably, there will be no change in Hanoi’s perspective and no slight hope for a compromise in the Kampuchea crisis.


However, this doesn’t mean that there is not hope for Kampuchea and its people. The is because of two major reasons: Firstly, it is predicable that the Vietnamisation process is also producing its own “perverse effects:, thus creating a generalized enmity against the Vietnamese occupying forces. The status of “liberation” the Khmer people were inclined in the beginning of the 1979 to accord to the Vietnamese would not have lasted very long. Secondly, since the formation of the Coalition



INDOCHINA REPORT 16 October 1984


Part II: The Vietnarnization Process

At the beginning, the Vietnamese and the PRK were greeted as liberators. The Viet-namese invasion had indeed contributed to deliver the Khmers from a genocidal regime. A few years later, however, the oft-repeated joke in Phnom Penh was: "We thought things would change. But we realize we are in the same car; we have only changed the driver".

(A) Administrative and Political Organization

In order to understand the present regime better, it would be useful to recall that most of the PRK leaders are former KR leaders. Except for a few of them, most were early companions of Pol Pot, Khieu Samphan, Ieng Sary, and other representatives of the former Democratic Kampuchea government. Many of today's cadres come from the same mold, and have the same background as those men. Their official biographies often mention that they had been followers of the revolution from the early days until they became aware of the "true nature" of Pol Pot who had turned into a "traitor to the revolution". Once they realized the mistakes of the "Angkar ", they escaped to Vietnam, at the end of 1978, to create the National Liberation Front.

“The Cambodians were subjected to heavy doses of political education in the firm of radio propaganda and regular political meetings, seminars and courses”

The presence of many former KR leaders, not only at the government level but also at the local level, surprised me at first. In many instances, when I singled out someone upcountry and queried him about the background of the chairman of his revolutionary committee, the answer would be that he had been the chief of the cooperative under the KR.

The continuity between the previous regime and the present one explained some major aspects of the ideology. The language used in official speeches or on radio, in schools and in text books closely resembled that used in the radio broadcasts or other propaganda media during the Democratic Kampuchea period. The themes espoused were also identical. The population was constantly exhorted over loud-speakers to fight for the revolution and against enemies manipulated from outside. "Revolutionary" qualities were exalted. Food production was presented as a heroic struggle against "sabotage”. References to the splendor of the former Khmer civilization of Angkor were repeated daily.


Indochina Report 6 Apr-Jun 1988


After a while, when I was able to win the confidence of the people around me, I began to get confessions of how crucial it was for civil servants or cadres to prove that they were active supporters of the politics of the regime. Besides attendance at political meetings and the various military duties incumbent on the entire population, people had to also undertake responsibilities within the snaul ("core”) and later within the party. The snaul is an organization aimed at preparing potential candidates for membership of the party. It stands below the party and represents the first step for a cadre who is looking forward to any position of responsibility within the system.

Every family was expected to attend political meetings once or twice a week, to provide one or two of its members for mandatory labor duties, and to pay heavy taxes such as the "patriotic contribution to the defense of the Fatherland (in the shape of the K5 plan). People watched over each other and did not trust anyone else – their former friends, colleagues, and even their own family members.

A great deal of time in hospitals, schools, ministries or other public services was devoted to political meetings and seminars. During these sessions, the technical staff had to discuss events such as the official visit of a representative of some “brother country”, the last speech of Fidel Castro, the yearly international festival of the Communist Youth ... Full-time seminars were also held occasionally. Following the Fifth Congress of the party in October 1985, for instance, the whole medical staff of my hospital had to attend a one-month seminar to study the resolutions of the Congress.
As a result, the outpatient clinic had to be closed for several days.

In addition to these sessions, higher ranking civil servants were obliged to attend a six-month course at one of the city political education centers in Ho Chi Minh City. Some 300400 persons were trained there every year. During this period, the "trainees" endured 8-10 hours of lectures on Marxism, discussions, and self- criticism sessions.
They were not allowed to leave the education center, except to visit model factories. This occurred once every two or three months and the trainees went as a group. Evenings were devoted to learning Vietnamese, and Sundays to doing manual labor.

Routine political training sessions for civil servants were organized two or three times a week. In addition, once every two or three years, every civil servant had to "go to the base", which meant he had to spend a few months living in a village and working as a peasant. For most of my Cambodian counterparts, "going to the base" reminded them of the years spent toiling in the rice fields under the KR. "Going to the base" also involved behaving and dressing as the villagers did in order to show that they were "close to the masses" and eager to imitate them.

At the hospital where I was working, weekly meetings were devoted to criticism and self-criticism. Doctors and nurses were supposed to report the "mistakes" and "counter-revolutionary" attitudes of their colleagues. This practice made the political organization of society under the PRK not significantly different from KR rule. The staff had to fill out "biographies" on a regular basis, usually two or three times a year.


Indochina Report 7 Apr-Jun 1988

“Control over the population was tight, leading to widespread fear and distrust”

These biographies had to include extensive information on the social class of the individual and his or her relatives, his or her activities during the previous regimes, whether the person in question had relatives abroad and whether he had participated in the Lon No1 administration. Doctors had to fill out a complete notebook containing every detail of their lives. Any lie in a biography could raise suspicions of the person in question being an enemy.

The political pressure was greater upon civil servants and cadres than upon the rest of the population. Nevertheless, everyone was subjected to political constraints and severe control by the party. The entire population was organized into groups of 10 families (krom), reunited into sections (knum) in the countryside, mondul in the cities) and districts (srok in the countryside, sangkhat in the cities). The districts were run by a revolutionary committee with extensive powers over the population. The committees were responsible for security, political education and drafting men for the army and for the K5 plan. Curfews were still in force, from 8.00 or 9.00 pm to 5.00 am. They were more or less strictly enforced, depending on the region and on political or military events.

As a rule, any person entering a village or a city needed a permit, regardless of whether he was planning to stay just for a few days or to settle there permanently. Group leaders and neighbors were supposed to report any new arrival in their building or their section. It was usually possible to avoid such reporting by giving money or gifts to the group leader, but discoveries eventually resulted in arrests.

Fear and distrust were widespread and maintained by stories and rumors of arrests and detentions. This atmosphere of distrust permeated the hospital where I worked. Most of the staff and patients seemed to share the same distrust of the regime but never expressed it unless they were alone with a foreigner. "The party has 'pineapple eyes' and can see everything", the Khmers used to say. People were frightened of the political police and terrified by accounts of "T3", the Phnom Penh central jail, now used to detain political prisoners. Recent reports from human rights organizations confirm that there is practically no judicial system in the PRK and that arbitrary arrests and detentions are still the rule.

Detention conditions were said to be appalling. Many former prisoners reported consistent stories of people being chained up in dark cells, completely isolated for months and barely surviving on famine rations. Torture was systematically used as a means to obtain confessions or just as a punishment. After years of detention, political prisoners were submitted to lengthy periods of reeducation in labor camps such as T5, in Kompong Cham province. Further, families had no way of communicating with the prisoners or even of obtaining information about their fates. Very often relatives forgot whether the prisoner was still alive or not Extrajudicial executions were often reported.



Indochina Report 8 Apr-Jun 1988

Years after the fall of the KR regime, the human rights situation in Cambodia remained bleak. There was no right of association or expression, no press freedom and no freedom of movement within the country. Everyone seemed to dislike the regime but any kind of open discontent was inconceivable.


Indochina Report 8 Apr-Jun 1988


Government of Democratic Kampuchea, the Khmer people have shown their preference, thus creating the conditions for a steady development of the Khmer resistance movement.

Finally, the fate of Kampuchea will depend on the capacity of resistance of its people, the kill to fight of its nationalist leadership, as well as the degree of support the Kampuchean people deserve from the international community and on the unity of the Asean countries.

SavarnnaphumKhmer

Let's us help each other and succeed together. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam need each other.

Sure we can help each but please please don't stab my back and I don't take part in oppressing or killing other nations for one benefits. You can go with harmony but I say people power. I like cute Vietnamese lady too but thier leaders and men are very dishonest and just one big fat cat family who doestroy others.

It is very immature of you to call Vietnamese people as rabbits. Please restrain yourself from making destructive statement that causes harm to the good relationship of Cambodia and Vietnam.

SavarnnaphumKhmer always posts up anti Vietnamese threads. He's very very very very insecure about himself. And I know why, it's because.........................


















































































He's ugly..



















































Yea you heard me.

SavarnaphumKhmer always posts anti-viet stuff like shaitan said, but guess what, he never cites his sources. And when he does, his sources are usually some random joe schmoe on the internet who took an hour to write a short essay on why he hates viets and why viets are the devil. LOL

I'm sorry if I offended you, but I was refering to those that are destroying other and if you're not the one its all cool.



Me posting Anti-Viet threads!!!?? what is not true about it? prove me wrong that i'm anti vietnamese first before you post a better reply next time man.

Here is quote of the day "Good looking people turn me off, including myself"

Hehehehe a dump kid following a dump kid, you accusing me of Anti viet post but you have no clue what are you talking about. you said me hate viets that is so damn condemnation bro, how about you write me an essay why vietnamese are such a good people.




Hehehehe a dump kid following a dump kid, you accusing me of Anti viet post but you have no clue what are you talking about. you said me hate viets that is so damn condemnation bro, how about you write me an essay why vietnamese are such a good people.

SavarnnaphumKhmer

The majority of Cambodian and Vietnamese people are moderate and reasonable. You can persuade and convince people by using reasons, instead of utilizing sensational and emotional language to stir up resentment and division.

What do you know about Cambodian or Vietnamese you may see them living in the condition they are now but one thing they hate for sure is the oppression of it government toward the people. Instead of telling me what to do how about you join the United Nation and bring good wills to the poor people and tell the government to have a better living condition for the people. Sorry but Cambodian have to deal with murders and now we have illegal people roaming the country and it is a big problem, please contain your people and than the problem would never have exist, it's not like Cambodian hated vietnamese, but it is them pursuade to dislike upon. Do you ever see Cambodian interfere with vietnamese? I dont think so, how about you have more sympathy and understand as human of how one live had to endure such event. You may see people live normally but once you ask them it a different story. I'm just a concern citizen nothing more or nothing less.

You properly I nice girl out there and I do respect your appreciation and i like good people and who help one other and it doesnt matter if your background are different. I like to educate people on how they see things that is not true but no one notice it and well I did my best. The truth hurt sometime. You will understand me when you really know yourself deep inside your heart. Peace out girl

Ummm, I really can't comprehend what you typed at all. The main beef I have with you is the fact that you don't cite any sources when you make posts. CITING SOURCES = giving reference to LEGITIMATE articles.

Address my beef with you before you go on any further in your incoherent rambling. Even your brothers on this forum don't even agree with you for the most part.

SavarnnaphumKhmer

Would you please contribute your part to improve the relations among Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Please don't plant hatred and animosity and turn Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam against each other. I don't want Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam to become like Iraq where the Kurds, Sunnis, and Shias are killing each other.

Please be good. Don't be evil.

Thats from 1988? things have changed a lot since then my friend.

Please give peace and prosperity the opportunity to happen in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

Let's help each other and improve the countries.

SoCal, no Vietnamese acts like you. You don't have to BEG them if you are Vietnamese. Unless you are Cambodian too.
We don't beg anyone, especially those who don't want us or hate us.

If they don't want us, then we'll just leave. The most annoying thing to me is not the article but is you begging them.

Ms. LVF

Please restrain yourself from personal attack.

do you know what? I still think you have some Viet blood. That is why I don't want to leave you here begging him. you're my fellow. It is very pathetic to see you try to beg him to be friend with us and he splashes a bowl of cold water at you. you're not going to convince him because he's a retard. you may be able to convince other cambodians but not him. Just get out of here with me and leave this useless topic to him.

Ms. LVF

Thank you for your kindness. I am here to reason with SavarnnaphumKhmer. I believe that through communication, we can learn much from others. I also know that Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam need each other and we must encourage deeper understanding and tolerance through civil discussion. Through this process, the mistrust can make way for peace and prosperity.

It is important for us to engage, instead of ignoring.

KnightRider only if you ride your horse in day time then you would properly see where you are going that mean read the article again then you would know where it was from. want to teach me a lesson? teach yourself first. lol



Why please and please when you're not even a good peace negotiator? where is hate, can you tell me please? like I said understand before you use hate on others. All I want is for one to respect others but you couln't understand it. You want to know about Iraq here what i got for you, Put Saddam Hussein back to power and you will see one united Iraq, prove me wrong.

have you?

Then again LVF is no different to Socal, one begging and one make racial discrimination. Sorry I don't shower people with ice cold water I warm it a bit for comfort. I am here not to stop you or force you but I guess you both came here to spice up some peace and harmony but got backfired. You can come back anytime lady and would would love to hear from you all, its all good.

SavarnnamphumKhmer

Please don't let your hatred cloud your reasons.

Damn woman why you keep saying hatred when I didn't hate you or what ever.

SavarnnaphumKhmer, Ms. LVF

I see both of you as the members of ASEAN Community. Both of you exhibit a great deal of intelligence and it is so fortunate if we can work together. I would like us to help each other and succeed together. I feel that the people who are blessed are the people who know how to love each other despite our differences.

Yes I understand you mean but do you understand yourself? all my life helping others is my main goal but I ask you this, would you allow rapest to go free and what tell the victim to move on. The key to understand is respect one another. There two key in helping: one: is helping rich guys build his empire or two: help the poor looser out there from government slavery. So what would you like to chose? your position now is far better than most people on lest than a dollar a day. Have you ever though how vietnamese girls who's making nike shoe have to go through to earn that drop on money while you put on one I say to me please help each other despite our differences. I have a bigger heart than most people though.

what exactly are you implying?

anyways, i think socal is a better vietnamese member here on AF rather than those 'traumatized' members that can never forgive khmers for their own mistreatments and forever tainted their perception of khmers .. you know who im hinting at ...

as for the topic starter, i want to know why you and your statements always seem so ..... anti-yuon and paranoid ... dont blame the fellow yuon members for what their leaders are doing/have done/planning .. you make it seem like all yuons have this natural thought pattern where they will one day stab us khmers in the back and take our language and culture from us ... seriously, do you personally know vietnamese? i dont know how it is back in the mother countries, but i have yet to experience khmers and vietnamese hostile at eachother's faces ... in fact, it was here on AF the first time i have seen such things ...

maybe im just naive, but thank goodness i have not met the yuon assholes in person ..

Who would that be, is it you? how do you know Socal is a better vietnamese and me a looser when you haven meet none of us yet. There is nothing wrong to read unless you fear it would damage your reputation than that would be you are a liar and full of it. Than again it show you can't defend your right and this like three nation trying to beat one guy up that is including his own people and still that one guy stood strong and defend what he know.



That a nice start you are curiose about the topic, if you think it's anti but didn't read in full then I suggest read again and would do you good. I didn't and haven blame any youns here ok that was your onw words not mind. I know vietnamese and sure did study about them too but do you know vietnamese and if you haven well marry one and write me a story about good or bad doesn't matter and please make it interesting and I don't like sad story and I a happy ending. If you are a Cambodian had not seen Khmer and Vietnamese hostile than because Khmer afriad of them and they will not try to beat you because they live in Cambodia illegally.



Anyone can be nice on the Internet wait unless you get f... up then you know why. @$$hole are verywhere if you go out much and make friend then you will find and if you stuck here I guest you find none.

I can feel the love in this thread.