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Proxy
I just want to know how the capitle of vietnam looks like.
-Emperor-
Some pictures i found at google:








^ French influence
supernovasp
Hanoi is not that developed..
Proxy
What is the most developed city in Vietnam then?
supernovasp
QUOTE (Proxy @ May 2 2004, 05:16 PM)
What is the most developed city in Vietnam then?

Ho Chi Minh City

or usually known as Saigon
Proxy
Ho Chi Minh City





Saigon





Vietnam is pretty nice, but still a lot of catching up to do. beerchug.gif
-Emperor-
Saigon certainly looks like a nice city. icon_smile.gif
Byron
I think Hue the Forbiddan city looks the best out of all the cities in Vietnam.
vIeTpRidEs_wOrLdWiDe
i think Saigon looks real nice when ur actually there inside saigon city !! beerchug.gif thats my opinions
HiepNT
Saigon sure is the most developed city in Vietnam ... though Saigon has only buildings. Hanoi was bombed too much by Americans, so even it is the capital, it still look poor but anyway Hanoi is cool. Central Vietnam is so poor because of flood icon_sad.gif Haiphong is currently famous in Vietnam for its porn video from highschool students.

With GDP growth 7.5% per year, in 10 years, Vietnam economy will be 2 times it is today. In 20 years, it is 4 times today's. In 30 years, it is hard to predict but I guess Vietnam's GDP will be at least 8 times its current GDP.

If Vietnam didn't have the silly war from 1954-->1975, we would be richer than S. Korea now. 30 years in war from 1945-->1975 make our cities all crap ...
DAI_VIET
Execute those highschool students from Haiphong and let that be a lesson for all students in Vietnam. These acts will not be tolerated according to the tradition and customs of our ancestors!


P.S. Da Nang is the best city in Vietnam. biggrin.gif
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 07:30 PM)
Execute those highschool students from Haiphong and let that be a lesson for all students in Vietnam. These acts will not be tolerated according to the tradition and customs of our ancestors!


P.S. Da Nang is the best city in Vietnam. biggrin.gif

<sigh> such extremist. LOL

But I agree. Execution by firing squad. beerchug.gif
Nam Quoc Son Ha
Here are a few pictures of Hanoi. It is not as developed as Saigon but nonetheless more charming.


Turtle Pagoda on an island in the middle of Hoan Kiem lake. Note the dense vegetation in the background.


Chua Mot Cot aka One Pillar Pagoda


Another pagoda.


Hoan Kiem lake from the sidewalk


Exercising by the lake


Hanoi Hotel


Sofitel Plaza


Hanoi by night


Sighting of the legendary "Than Kim Quy"
DAI_VIET
QUOTE (Nam Quoc Son Ha @ May 2 2004, 07:33 PM)
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 07:30 PM)
Execute those highschool students from Haiphong and let that be a lesson for all students in Vietnam. These acts will not be tolerated according to the tradition and customs of our ancestors!


P.S. Da Nang is the best city in Vietnam. biggrin.gif

<sigh> such extremist. LOL

But I agree. Execution by firing squad. beerchug.gif

Firing squad? Nah, that's too easy for them. Decapitate them!

I hate it when it comes to polluting Vietnam by these uneducated Vietnamese, especially the young ones in high school. They did not learn the goods and benefits from foreigners, but they take in all the pollution from outsiders and distribute them in Vietnam. They used to be innocent and sweet, but high school students in Vietnam have changed my view about them. Damn them! (well... some of them).

Great Hanoi pictures NQSH, I'd post some, too. But my internet connection is just so slow right now.
supernovasp
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 07:48 PM)
QUOTE (Nam Quoc Son Ha @ May 2 2004, 07:33 PM)
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 07:30 PM)
Execute those highschool students from Haiphong and let that be a lesson for all students in Vietnam. These acts will not be tolerated according to the tradition and customs of our ancestors!


P.S. Da Nang is the best city in Vietnam. biggrin.gif

<sigh> such extremist. LOL

But I agree. Execution by firing squad. beerchug.gif

Firing squad? Nah, that's too easy for them. Decapitate them!

I hate it when it comes to polluting Vietnam by these uneducated Vietnamese, especially the young ones in high school. They did not learn the goods and benefits from foreigners, but they take in all the pollution from outsiders and distribute them in Vietnam. They used to be innocent and sweet, but high school students in Vietnam have changed my view about them. Damn them! (well... some of them).

Great Hanoi pictures NQSH, I'd post some, too. But my internet connection is just so slow right now.

Most high schoolers everywhere in the world are curious and horny bastards...
embarassedlaugh.gif

It's natural
Byron
Anyone know where I can get those videos??? icon_smile.gif

Just kidding, but there should be a law against pornography in Vietnam.
supernovasp
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 08:26 PM)
Anyone know where I can get those videos??? icon_smile.gif

Just kidding, but there should be a law against pornography in Vietnam.

There are laws against pornography in vietnam..

But who really can control it even in a communist country?

You can find a lot of people selling pirated porn CDs in Saigon publicly.
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (supernovasp @ May 2 2004, 08:29 PM)
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 08:26 PM)
Anyone know where I can get those videos???  icon_smile.gif

Just kidding, but there should be a law against pornography in Vietnam.

There are laws against pornography in vietnam..

But who really can control it even in a communist country?

You can find a lot of people selling pirated porn CDs in Saigon publicly.

In theory it's illegal but no one could enforce it. There are even people displaying them in the middle of the street and no one gives a damn. When I was in Vietnam, I asked my cousin about pornography in Vietnam and how there are laws against it, he told me that they don't really works and even offered to take me to a shop that sells them. LOL

here's an article about the pornography industry in Vietnam (not making, just selling)



Bùng nổ các dịch vụ cung cấp phim sex Việt Nam


Phim sex được bày bán công khai trên đường Đinh Tiên Hoàng (B́nh Thạnh)
Người dân ở TP HCM hiện nay có thể mua phim sex dễ dàng như mua tờ báo, bao thuốc lá hay viên thuốc tây. Thậm chí, họ không cần ra khỏi nhà cũng có người sẵn sàng mang đến nếu có nhu cầu.

Thị trường băng đĩa “đen” nóng lên sau vụ “hai sinh viên Hải Pḥng” và hàng loạt phim sex "made in Vietnam'' được tung ra. Kéo theo đó xuất hiện nhan nhản những đội quân bán hàng di động trên các cây cầu trong thành phố.

Tại cầu Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh (phường 22, quận B́nh Thạnh) từ 11h đến 14h, một thanh niên, trên tay cầm những chiếc đĩa với h́nh b́a là các cô gái "nuy" 100%, đưa qua đưa lại chào mời khách đi đường. Tuy trên tay chỉ cầm vài chiếc để tiếp thị, nhưng nếu khách yêu cầu lựa chọn, anh ta liền đảo mắt quan sát rồi đi đến phía dưới gầm cầu cách đó khoảng vài bước chân, lôi lên một bọc nylon đựng vài chục bộ đĩa sex đưa cho khách.

Trên cầu Điện Biên Phủ (quận B́nh Thạnh), từ khoảng 12h đến tận đêm luôn túc trực một đội quân bán phim sex trên dưới 10 người. Thấy người đi đường nào tấp vào, chạy xe chậm chậm họ lập tức xúm lại tiếp thị. Mỗi người giấu một lượng lớn đĩa sex quanh người và nhanh nhẹn móc ra khi khách có yêu cầu. Đa số những người bán ở đây nghiện thuốc phiện. Có người tay chân lở loét, bước đi nặng nề.


Hương (người ngồi bên trái) và "đồng nghiệp" tại khu Lăng Ông Bà Chiểu, chuyên cung cấp sỉ và lẻ các loại phim sex.
Chợ phim sex “nóng” nhất thành phố hiện nay là khu vực Lăng Ông Bà Chiểu. Theo những người chuyên sưu tầm băng đĩa "đen", sau khi khu Huỳnh Thúc Kháng bị cơ quan chức năng truy quét, những tay bán lẻ di tản về đây. Xung quanh Lăng (đường Đinh Tiên Hoàng và đường Bạch Đằng - B́nh Thạnh), hằng ngày có khá nhiều phụ nữ bán băng đĩa "đen" công khai. Trong số khách đến mua, có thể thấy những cô cậu học sinh mặc đồng phục ghi bản hiệu trường lớp rơ ràng.

Chợ phim sex này cung cấp cho khách hàng tất cả các loại đĩa được in sang dưới dạng băng video, VCD, DVD, từ sex “nhẹ” đến “nặng”, với các loại “diễn viên” từ tây đến ta. Một cô gái trẻ tên Hương bán tại đây cho biết: “Thời gian gần đây th́ phim nước ngoài hầu như không chạy. Hút hàng nhất là những bộ Việt Nam. Một ngày tiêu thụ vài chục bộ là chuyện thường. Cứ 10 người tấp vào th́ hết 10 người hỏi mua sex VN, c̣n phim nước ngoài chỉ là mua thêm thôi”.

Tại những điểm bán phim sex trên, giá một chiếc VCD là 15.000-25.000 đồng; DVD giá 100.000-170.000 đồng. Người bán cũng đưa ra một h́nh thức kinh doanh rất “thoáng” là nếu khách mua về có vấn đề kỹ thuật như đĩa mở không được, mở được h́nh nhưng không có tiếng, hoặc ngược lại th́ có thể đổi lại. Hơn nữa, “chiêu độc” ở những nơi đây là khách mua xong, về xem chán th́ ra đổi lại cái khác mà chỉ phải bù thêm 5.000 đồng. Chính v́ thế mà một nhóm nam sinh viên Đại học Tôn Đức Thắng khoe là họ có một ổ đĩa cứng chứa hơn 20 phim sex các loại, toàn phim “nóng”. Nguồn của họ chính là từ những khu vực này.

Trong những ngày gần đây những người thích “rửa mắt” bằng… “nước bẩn” này c̣n rỉ tai nhau cùng đến một số điểm bán cố định mà bên ngoài trông rất “trong sáng” để mua bán, trao đổi phim sex. Tiệm hớt tóc T trên đường Nguyễn Phi Khanh, quận 1, là một ví dụ. Ở đây, dù chỉ có 3 chiếc ghế và dụng cụ hớt tóc sơ sài nhưng khách (có nhiều người ăn mặc rất lịch sự) vẫn ra vào nườm nượp. Họ chạy xe đến, mở cốp lấy ra những chiếc đĩa trao cho người thanh niên, lập tức được nhận lại những chiếc đĩa khác và bỏ vào cốp xe, đóng lại rồi chạy đi. Nhiều lúc những cuộc mua bán, trao đổi như vậy diễn ra ngay trước cửa tiệm. Theo lời người thợ hớt tóc kiêm luôn bán phim sex th́ anh ta chuyển qua kinh doanh "hàng đen" được một tháng nay, do kiếm được nhiều tiền hơn việc phải đứng hớt tóc suốt ngày mà chỉ được có vài chục ngh́n. Anh cho biết, một đĩa phim lấy “gốc” giá 10.000 đồng, bán ra 20.000 đồng. Một ngày cả bán và trao đổi không dưới 20 bộ. Đĩa được lấy tại khu vực Lăng Ông Bà Chiểu về bán". Phim bán chạy nhất là “Sinh viên Hải Pḥng”, “Cà phê Thanh Đa”, “Cave Việt Nam”…

Điểm đặc biệt của loại h́nh kinh doanh phim sex hiện nay tại TP HCM là phục vụ tận nhà. Một số đối tượng chuyên đi bỏ mối, bán phim sex tận cửa cho những ai có nhu cầu mà lại không dám đến các khu vực chợ trời nêu trên để mua, v́ sợ người quen bắt gặp. Tại khu Huỳnh Thúc Kháng có một người phụ nữ tên Tâm thường tiếp thị với khách là sẽ giao tận nhà khi khách có nhu cầu. "Chỉ cần điện thoại cho em là được anh ạ", Tâm nói. Hay tại những quán cà phê nằm trong khu Thị Nghè (phường 19, quận B́nh Thạnh) thường có một thanh niên nói giọng miền Bắc, trong cốp chiếc Spacy Trung Quốc của anh ta luôn có vài chục đĩa sex để đi bỏ mối cho những nơi có nhu cầu.
Byron
why don't they just put a high penalty? Like 20 years in prison, that would make lots of people think twice before selling it.
supernovasp
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:03 PM)
why don't they just put a high penalty?  Like 20 years in prison, that would make lots of people think twice before selling it.

you're talking about sexuality here..

It will survive in any shapes or forms, like sex stories that passing around in middle and high school in Vietnam for decades.

Also, Ho Xuan huong, queen of nom poems, wrote a lot of sexual poems even about sexual intercourse.

Human will be human. icon_redface.gif
DAI_VIET
Ah damn it! I never hoped this would happen in Vietnam, but I guess as society evolves, more sins and crimes will be committed. Oh well... let's join them! embarassedlaugh.gif
supernovasp
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 09:15 PM)
Ah damn it! I never hoped this would happen in Vietnam, but I guess as society evolves, more sins and crimes will be committed. Oh well... let's join them! embarassedlaugh.gif

embarassedlaugh.gif I don't get why you guys think sex and pornography is bad..
Maybe over influenced by confucian?
Byron
I don't want Vietnam to be the next Thailand, which is prostitute and sex capital of asia. That would be disgusting. Soon fat white guys will come like they do in Cambodia just to do it with Vietnamese kids. We have to put severe laws to prevent his crap from happening. I would say 20 years in prison would be enough to scare them away, if not then raise the punishment higher.
HiepNT
Newspapers just make it look more serious.
Porn is not that popular in Vietnam.


However, hookers stand on many streets in Saigon like it usually is, start early at 8-9 p.m, u see them on many streets. There are in Hanoi, but it is not that obvious, and usually only start at 12 midnight and in fewer places for a few players in the city.

There are hookers everywhere in the world.

To Byron: because they love it icon_smile.gif I agree with u Byron that 20 years in prison biggrin.gif Disgusting. We are Vietnamese so we need to limit those.

To Dai Viet : The Hai Phong case is very rare.
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 09:15 PM)
Ah damn it! I never hoped this would happen in Vietnam, but I guess as society evolves, more sins and crimes will be committed. Oh well... let's join them! embarassedlaugh.gif

Let's have an open society. And lets admit that everyone of us loves porn embarassedlaugh.gif
Byron
Ok lets all be open.
supernovasp
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:18 PM)
I don't want Vietnam to be the next Thailand, which is prostitute and sex capital of asia. That would be disgusting. Soon fat white guys will come like they do in Cambodia just to do it with Vietnamese kids. We have to put severe laws to prevent his crap from happening. I would say 20 years in prison would be enough to scare them away, if not then raise the punishment higher.

That's more like job opportunities.. If the goverment created a significant amount of jobs, not a lot of the girls will turn to prostitution.
supernovasp
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:21 PM)
First Vietnam lets these new immoral acts go on a little at a time, and next thing we know Gay marriages will be allowed and anyone making fun of gays in Vietnam will be arrested.  We can't let this happen.

What's wrong with gay people?

As you know some of vietnamese popular male singers are gay (publicly) like Quang Linh
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:21 PM)
First Vietnam lets these new immoral acts go on a little at a time, and next thing we know Gay marriages will be allowed and anyone making fun of gays in Vietnam will be arrested. We can't let this happen.

What's wrong with gay marriages. The two types of people whom I hates most are xenophobes and homophobes.
Byron
QUOTE (supernovasp @ May 2 2004, 09:23 PM)
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:21 PM)
First Vietnam lets these new immoral acts go on a little at a time, and next thing we know Gay marriages will be allowed and anyone making fun of gays in Vietnam will be arrested.  We can't let this happen.

What's wrong with gay people?

As you know some of vietnamese popular male singers are gay (publicly) like Quang Linh

You do know Vietnam tradition is very harsh against gays you know. And that's something I agree with. I think most Vietnamese parents would kick their kids out of the house if they found out they were gay. Personally I find nothing wrong with gays.
supernovasp
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:24 PM)
QUOTE (supernovasp @ May 2 2004, 09:23 PM)
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:21 PM)
First Vietnam lets these new immoral acts go on a little at a time, and next thing we know Gay marriages will be allowed and anyone making fun of gays in Vietnam will be arrested.  We can't let this happen.

What's wrong with gay people?

As you know some of vietnamese popular male singers are gay (publicly) like Quang Linh

You do know Vietnam tradition is very harsh against gays you know. And that's something I agree with. I think most Vietnamese parents would kick their kids out of the house if they found out they were gay. Trust me you don't want Vietnam to be a gay society.

I still don't think there are anything wrong about gay people.
Byron
Ok with the new scientific evidence I'm retracting my previous statement. Peace everyone. icon_smile.gif
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:24 PM)
QUOTE (supernovasp @ May 2 2004, 09:23 PM)
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:21 PM)
First Vietnam lets these new immoral acts go on a little at a time, and next thing we know Gay marriages will be allowed and anyone making fun of gays in Vietnam will be arrested.  We can't let this happen.

What's wrong with gay people?

As you know some of vietnamese popular male singers are gay (publicly) like Quang Linh

You do know Vietnam tradition is very harsh against gays you know. And that's something I agree with. I think most Vietnamese parents would kick their kids out of the house if they found out they were gay. Trust me you don't want Vietnam to be a gay society.

What are you talking about? Gays only constitute a small minority within the whole population, something like 7% or slightly less/more. We don't want a gay society, we want a society that gives equal right to homosexual people.

There are many famous gay people in Vietnam, including Quang Linh, Hoai Linh, Dan Truong, Quang Dung (?) etc.
HiepNT
I agree that there is nothing wrong with gay people. But, any dirty stuff like porn Vietnam need to ban and anything against our identity and tradition need to be prohibitted.
DAI_VIET
QUOTE
To Dai Viet : The Hai Phong case is very rare.

Pheeww! Thank God. I thought those bastards would spring up like locusts.
QUOTE
I would say 20 years in prison would be enough to scare them away, if not then raise the punishment higher.

No, not 20 years. How about death?
QUOTE
I don't get why you guys think sex and pornography is bad..
Maybe over influenced by confucian?

Ahmmm... may be.

About gay people. There's no such thing as gay people, just mental problems.
DAI_VIET
QUOTE (Nam Quoc Son Ha @ May 2 2004, 09:29 PM)
There are many famous gay people in Vietnam, including Quang Linh, Hoai Linh, Dan Truong, Quang Dung (?) etc.

LOL. Are you making this stuff up? Not Dan Truong! I like the dude! He's my only favorite male singer. LOL.
Nam Quoc Son Ha
Recent researches has found that there is such thing as a "gay" gene. It is absurd to think that it is a mental problem when roughly 7% of the people in each country in the world are homosexual.
supernovasp
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:29 PM)
Now if people were born gay and it couldn't be corrected then that would be ok. But there is no scientific evidence there is a gay gene(which makes sense considering one of the main purposes of genes is reproduction and you can't reproduce with the same sex.)

So I think being gay is a psychological factor that might be able to be corrected with a psychologist.

Sorry but have you heard of any psychologists that actually claim to change gay people into straight people?
supernovasp
I don't think Quang Dung is gay though
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 09:31 PM)
QUOTE (Nam Quoc Son Ha @ May 2 2004, 09:29 PM)
There are many famous gay people in Vietnam, including Quang Linh, Hoai Linh, Dan Truong, Quang Dung (?) etc.

LOL. Are you making this stuff up? Not Dan Truong! I like the dude! He's my only favorite male singer. LOL.

Well you better believe it. My cousin knows him.

He is the bf of his producer, Le Hoang Tuan.
Byron
Ok with new scientific evidence that being gay may be a genetic factor I retract my previous statements of it being an environmental factor and promote acceptances of gays. Peace everyone. icon_smile.gif
supernovasp
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:34 PM)
Look at all those guys in prison. Lots of them are gay because they haven't seen a female for a while. It is really a psychological problem.

It isn't like a racial problem, because you can't help what race you are gonna be born into, but being gay is caused by environment.

I'm not saying we should beat up gay people, I'm saying we should prevent a pervert society by elimnating porn and thus eliminating the environement that might encourage gayness and make people more likely to become gay psychologically. It's better to prevent it then to let it happen and then tolerate it.

icon_redface.gif Human are naturally horny or else we won't reproduce eek.gif
DAI_VIET
QUOTE (Nam Quoc Son Ha @ May 2 2004, 09:33 PM)
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 09:31 PM)
QUOTE (Nam Quoc Son Ha @ May 2 2004, 09:29 PM)
There are many famous gay people in Vietnam, including Quang Linh, Hoai Linh, Dan Truong, Quang Dung (?) etc.

LOL. Are you making this stuff up? Not Dan Truong! I like the dude! He's my only favorite male singer. LOL.

Well you better believe it. My cousin knows him.

He is the bf of his producer, Le Hoang Tuan.

Yah, I've heard of it, but it's just a rumor.
Byron
Peace
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (Byron @ May 2 2004, 09:34 PM)
Look at all those guys in prison. Lots of them are gay because they haven't seen a female for a while. It is really a psychological problem.

It isn't like a racial problem, because you can't help what race you are gonna be born into, but being gay is caused by environment.

I'm not saying we should beat up gay people, I'm saying we should prevent a pervert society by elimnating porn and thus eliminating the environement that might encourage gayness and make people more likely to become gay psychologically. It's better to prevent it then to let it happen and then tolerate it.

Do you have any proof to back up that claim?

Prisoners resort to sodomy because there are women for them to have sex with, thus the anus is a substitute.

LOL being gay is caused by environment? What kind of environment?

That is such typical Catholic anti-gay rhetoric without any foundation.
DAI_VIET
Oh come on, those dudes have mental problems.
Byron
Peace
DAI_VIET
I don't understand how gay people think. Why would you like a penis when you already have one? And what's wrong with two breasts and a vagina?
Byron
It just isn't natural. The purpose of sex is to reproduce, you can't reproduce without a member of the opposite sex. So why would a gene produce a gay gene when it goes against reproducing? So there is a good chance it is psychological.
Nam Quoc Son Ha
QUOTE (DAI_VIET @ May 2 2004, 09:39 PM)
Oh come on, those dudes have mental problems.

What Is Sexual Orientation?

Sexual Orientation is an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or affectional attraction to another person. It is easily distinguished from other components of sexuality including biological sex, gender identity (the psychological sense of being male or female) and the social gender role (adherence to cultural norms for feminine and masculine behavior).

Sexual orientation exists along a continuum that ranges from exclusive homosexuality to exclusive heterosexuality and includes various forms of bisexuality. Bisexual persons can experience sexual, emotional and affectional attraction to both their own sex and the opposite sex. Persons with a homosexual orientation are sometimes referred to as gay (both men and women) or as lesbian (women only).

Sexual orientation is different from sexual behavior because it refers to feelings and self-concept. Persons may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors.

What Causes a Person To Have a Particular Sexual Orientation?

There are numerous theories about the origins of a person's sexual orientation; most scientists today agree that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors. In most people, sexual orientation is shaped at an early age. There is also considerable recent evidence to suggest that biology, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality. In summary, it is important to recognize that there are probably many reasons for a person's sexual orientation and the reasons may be different for different people.

Is Sexual Orientation a Choice?

No, human beings can not choose to be either gay or straight. Sexual orientation emerges for most people in early adolescence without any prior sexual experience. Although we can choose whether to act on our feelings, psychologists do not consider sexual orientation to be a conscious choice that can be voluntarily changed.


Can Therapy Change Sexual Orientation?

No. Even though most homosexuals live successful, happy lives, some homosexual or bisexual people may seek to change their sexual orientation through therapy, sometimes pressured by the influence of family members or religious groups to try and do so. The reality is that homosexuality is not an illness. It does not require treatment and is not changeable.

However, not all gay, lesbian, and bisexual people who seek assistance from a mental health professional want to change their sexual orientation. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual people may seek psychological help with the coming out process or for strategies to deal with prejudice, but most go into therapy for the same reasons and life issues that bring straight people to mental health professionals.

What About So-Called "Conversion Therapies"?

Some therapists who undertake so-called conversion therapy report that they have been able to change their clients' sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual. Close scrutiny of these reports however show several factors that cast doubt on their claims. For example, many of the claims come from organizations with an ideological perspective which condemns homosexuality. Furthermore, their claims are poorly documented. For example, treatment outcome is not followed and reported overtime as would be the standard to test the validity of any mental health intervention.

The American Psychological Association is concerned about such therapies and their potential harm to patients. In 1997, the Association's Council of Representatives passed a resolution reaffirming psychology's opposition to homophobia in treatment and spelling out a client's right to unbiased treatment and self-determination. Any person who enters into therapy to deal with issues of sexual orientation has a right to expect that such therapy would take place in a professionally neutral environment absent of any social bias.

Is Homosexuality a Mental Illness or Emotional Problem?

No. Psychologists, psychiatrists and other mental health professionals agree that homosexuality is not an illness, mental disorder or an emotional problem. Over 35 years of objective, well-designed scientific research has shown that homosexuality, in and itself,is not associated with mental disorders or emotional or social problems. Homosexuality was once thought to be a mental illness because mental health professionals and society had biased information. In the past the studies of gay, lesbian and bisexual people involved only those in therapy, thus biasing the resulting conclusions. When researchers examined data about these people who were not in therapy, the idea that homosexuality was a mental illness was quickly found to be untrue.

In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association confirmed the importance of the new, better designed research and removed homosexuality from the official manual that lists mental and emotional disorders. Two years later, the American Psychological Association passed a resolution supporting the removal. For more than 25 years, both associations have urged all mental health professionals to help dispel the stigma of mental illness that some people still associate with homosexual orientation.

Can Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals Be Good Parents?

Yes. Studies comparing groups of children raised by homosexual and by heterosexual parents find no developmental differences between the two groups of children in four critical areas: their intelligence, psychological adjustment, social adjustment, and popularity with friends. It is also important to realize that a parent's sexual orientation does not dictate his or her children's.

Another myth about homosexuality is the mistaken belief that gay men have more of a tendency than heterosexual men to sexually molest children. There is no evidence to suggest that homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to molest children.

Why Do Some Gay Men, Lesbians and Bisexuals Tell People About Their Sexual Orientation?

Because sharing that aspect of themselves with others is important to their mental health. In fact, the process of identity development for lesbians, gay men and bisexuals called "coming out", has been found to be strongly related to psychological adjustment—the more positive the gay, lesbian, or bisexual identity, the better one's mental health and the higher one's self-esteem.

Why Is the "Coming Out" Process Difficult for Some Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual People?

For some gay and bisexual people the coming out process is difficult, for others it is not. Often lesbian, gay and bisexual people feel afraid, different, and alone when they first realize that their sexual orientation is different from the community norm. This is particularly true for people becoming aware of their gay, lesbian, or bisexual orientation as a child or adolescent, which is not uncommon. And, depending on their families and where they live, they may have to struggle against prejudice and misinformation about homosexuality. Children and adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of bias and stereotypes. They may also fear being rejected by family, friends,co-workers, and religious institutions. Some gay people have to worry about losing their jobs or being harassed at school if their sexual orientation became well known. Unfortunately, gay, lesbian and bisexual people are at a higher risk for physical assault and violence than are heterosexuals. Studies done in California in the mid 1990s showed that nearly one-fifth of all lesbians who took part in the study and more than one-fourth of all gay men who participated had been the victim of a hate crime based on their sexual orientation. In another California study of approximately 500 young adults, half of all the young men participating in the study admitted to some form of anti-gay aggression from name-calling to physical violence.

What Can Be Done to Overcome the Prejudice and Discrimination the Gay Men, Lesbians, and Bisexuals Experience?

Research has found that the people who have the most positive attitudes toward gay men, lesbians and bisexuals are those who say they know one or more gay, lesbian or bisexual person well—often as a friend or co-worker. For this reason, psychologists believe negative attitudes toward gay people as a group are prejudices that are not grounded in actual experiences but are based on stereotypes and prejudice.

Furthermore, protection against violence and discrimination is very important, just as it is for other minority groups. Some states include violence against an individual on the basis of his or her sexual orientation as a "hate crime" and 10 U.S. states have laws against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.

Why is it Important for Society to be Better Educated About Homosexuality?

Educating all people about sexual orientation and homosexuality is likely to diminish anti-gay prejudice. Accurate information about homosexuality is especially important to young people who are first discovering and seeking to understand their sexuality—whether homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. Fears that access to such information will make more people gay have no validity—information about homosexuality does not make someone gay or straight.

Are All Gay and Bisexual Men HIV Infected?

No. This is a commonly held myth. In reality, the risk of exposure to HIV is related to a person's behavior, not their sexual orientation. What's important to remember about HIV/AIDS is it is a preventable disease through the use of safe sex practices and by not using drugs.
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