I truly believe that Singapore is the model that most SEAsian countries should follow. How they got so many ethnicities & religions to work together as one without any ethnic conflict is truly amazing.

Simple. Singapore's founding father Lee Kuan Yew gets the job done by silencing everyone who thinks they know a better way to run the country. Less bickering, more work done. I can't say much about LKYs 'democracy' in Singapore, but if its for the greater good, why not?

Singapore is too young to have problem right now.
You will have to wait for another 50 years to see how SG will be.
Other countries in this region already passed several decades, some failed, some progressed.
SG is too young to be the model.

Folks often contribute Singapore's success to the repression tactics of LKY ... but they make deliberate oversights on the following factors that contribute to the island nation :

(i) institutional framework (government's service and responsibility to people effectiveness),

(ii) the public and private investments (capital of a nation, the system that enabled the country to build its own sovereign wealth fund to capture international assets),

(iii) the asset building (how they moved people from slums to owning their own homes),

(iv) the mindset building (how they used a series of public education to educate the peoples on service efficiency, delivery performance and constant upgrading and improvements)

(v) natural infrastructure (the deep-water harbour and position in the Malacca Straits ensure Singapore as a hub for maritime trade)

The hardware and software that goes into administering an island state cannot be underestimated. Sure, it cannot be replicated in a large country with huge hinterland of rural labourers seeking enhanced livelihoods. But it is being replicated by cities across Asia and the Gulf.

Most of the older asian nations i see suffer deep-seated fundamental problems.. their leaderships fail to provide the necessary direction for their citizens to work in harmony and peace. Instead many substandard leaderships whip up populism and ethno-nationalistic sentiments to keep themselves in power. Msia, thailand, cambodia etc.. all are facing such problems it seems... If there was a virtuous government in power, they wouldn't need to whip up such populism, they would instead get down to the effective business of governance.

Singapore's government does not pretend to be a democracy. It fears that full-on democracy could lead to populistic regimes like the Thaksin government.. there are pros and cons, but as a tiny island nation facing conditions that could be beyond its control, the island is doing what it can to manage their own destiny in the future.

We must remain relevant to the world trade industry.

If Globalization fails, Singapore fails.
If all countries return to nationalistic protection, Singapore will fail.

Just wondering where does Singapore get their food from??? Im pretty sure there isn't much space for crop production in your country

singapore basically is a chinese country ran mostly by the fujianese , hakka, cantonese and other southern chinese singapore isnt shti without chinese this is a fact
and no one really see singapore as a south east asian country
i see it as a country operate by over sea chinese

Hello all.

I admire Singapore for their constant and stable development as compared to other South East Asian nations. Geographically, the island is situated in South East Asian region. The Chinese are doing well there in improving their standard of life. Singapore is one of the strictest country in terms of rules and regulations. That's where their discipline come from.

If the average singaporean chinese thought like you it would have really gone to sh!t
Their able to coexist and live peacefully with people of different ethnic backgrounds is one of the reasons why they r so succesful
I think chinese who were born in SEAsian region r more tolerant/ friendlier to SEAsians then stuck up chinese from Hong Kong

Singapore is hardly a 'country'.

Singapore only has 3 major ethnic: 76 % chinese, 8% indian and 12 % malay. Many other SE Asian countries have more than 10, vietnam and burmese for example.

@LDS

Actually hongkong chinese treat pinay maids way better than the ethnic chinese from malaysia/indonesia treat their 'malay' maids. I have alot of SE asian chinese friends, IMO pinoy chinese are actually the least racist out of the three .. with thai chinese excluded.

pinoy chinese r the least racist because for 400 years of being subservient to spanish alongside native pinoys they have adopted the warm attitude of the filipino people and we have like a special bond...they r unlike the xenophobic cold hearted people from the mainland who like to take credit for other's achievements...

a overseas filipino-chinese student being interviewd proudly calling himself a filipino in a foreign tv show
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4zprHrLMO0

Only malaysia has 21%.Thailand has around 14%. The other countries are all less than 5%.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Chinese

I was referring to numbers of ethnic minorities, not percentage of overseas chinese.

Do you know whats the meaning of the word xenophobic ? Japanese are the perfect example of xenophobic people, not chinese. As for cold hearted, I kinda agree with you to a certain degree. WTF is taking credit for others achievements ? Don't tell me you believe in consumerism bull$hit ?

don't forget about the teochews

LOL

I have to disagree about all of them being like that...does this look xenophobic to you???
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bT9Hsf0QTjQ...09&index=19


Mainland Chinese r very xenophobic...remember the Lou Jing incident...come on now..no need to hide it

this is called what comes around goes around, malaysia without chinese would not be anything either
the stupid malay government has invented a thign called "two systems" and imposed very unfair laws on chinese and indian such as paying higher tax and lots of other unfair laws and their own malay citizens enjoy all the good treatments and monetary aid

this is south east asian for you

but despite all these unfair treatments it doesnt stop the southern chinese from dominating their economy and live a much richer lives than the locals

southern chinese superioty has been proven one after another time even in the land of foreginers...

this is called the chinese spirit!

teochow is one of the most aggresive and hard working southern chinese how could i miss them out sorry about that

all southern chinese are gak gi lan

Go grab a dictionary and find the definition of xenophobic, in China you don't get beaten just because you're a foreigner practicing foreign culture. If you haven't been to China they please do so before 'assuming' anything. In fact, chinese in big cities are quite curious with foreigners. China is THE booming market, you cant compare the number of foreigners in China to Philippines, before you comment any further please visit China.

On the side note, chinese .. like the rest of E asia are not quite fond of SE asian looking people .. thats really bad racism but it'll change in the future, hopefully.

Just because youre a japanophile/wapanese you wont get any special treatment in Japan. THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS "NO FILIPINOS/BRAZILIAN/FOREIGNERS" sign in China, even you are welcomed. Japan on the contrary, have a VAN with loud speaker announcing and shouting their 'opinion' at foreigners.

it seems that anywhere with the southern chinese the places would become prosperous and we create employments for the locals i know i sound kind of racist but this is the truth

^

You guys are business minded, northern chinese are usually more into professional work field. Speaking of stereotype, my friend is a Fuzhou-nese who happens to be an accountant

attending university or holding a PHD is nothing unusual for southern chinese either
i know northen chinese are as hard working i never said anything bad about them but i get to meet more southern chinese so i have more to say about them
southern chinese like to go oversea to search for better oppurtunity

N Chinese are very different from each other.Same as southern chinese.

honestly, i cant think of a lazy branch of southern chinese
not being biased here but all the southern chinese are very hard working they work their @$$ off just to support heir family
southern chinese have very strong family value they can sacrifice a lot for their family espcially for their children

if for the westerners, they dont really give a $hit about their children, once their child finished high school they dont give a damn about them anymorte. but chinese parents are willing to support them forever in finaice, housing,
i think chinese make the greatest parents in the world!

teochow, cantonese,fujinese,hakka, oh wait i think all of them are in guongdong and fujian ( most sourthen costal ones )

truth i dont kmnow much about sichuan, henan, yunnan chinese though

so i was only speakign for guongdogn people and fujian people

i only tend to think about guongdogn people when refering to southern chinese since there isnt too many other southern chinese in oversea

LOL why r u resorting to personal attacks....All is I said not all people there r like that...as I showed you in the video. But yes I am aware that there r people who r not welcoming of foreginers...

From the vibe I get in AF...I get the feeling chinese hate on SEAsians alot more. I don't know of its p-nis envy or what not. Chinese love spreading false facts about SEAsians and like taking credit for ethnic chinese achievements in those countries...when some SEAsian chinese...particularly in the Philippines couldn't give a rat's @$$ about you.

So youre not a Japanophile ? Wow .. my bad then, maybe you can start by NOT including videos and pictures or anything related to Japan in the majority of your 'look at this video, do they look like filipino ? do they look negrito ? what ethnicity does she look like ?'

I dont hate SE asian, but alot of chinazis here are. I doubt average chinese hate SE asian, theyre just not fond of people with darker skin, kinda ironic because E asian get tanned easily.

Taking credit, are you kidding me ? SE asian or general overseas chinese were bragging how 'we helped Chinese economy by investment' - 'without overseas chinese China will still be poor' .. etc type of comment here on AF. Youre just to busy posting pictures and single video of people from different nation to 'assume' the population looks/act like that to realize how snobby some of them are. In other words they are taking credit of Mainland China's rise to boost their pride as Chinese by blood.

The philippines couldn't give a rat's @$$ about chinese ? Thats not true, the Philippines do care about China .. especially after spratly island incident, and 'nation of the servant' incident, if not because China's market is booming

Muahaha proud to be Hakka !

In the first census taken in 1824, it was revealed that the Malays (including the Bugis) then made up 60.9 per cent of the total population of 10,683.
Ethnic number of resident population in 1824 Ethnic Group Population
Europeans 74
Armenians 16
Arabs 15
Malays 4,580
Bugis 1,925
Chinese 3,317
Indians 756
Total population 10,683

Malays in Singapore (Malay: Orang Melayu Singapura), while being the people indigenous to Singapore[1], now make up just 14% of the country's population[1], as based on the broader definition of a "Malay race" rather than the more specific "Malay ethnic group". This is due to the influx of Chinese immigrants, who flocked to Singapore throughout the past 200 years[1]. The result is that the Chinese are now the majority ethnic group in Singapore, making up around 75% of the country's population[1].
Contents

The figures below show the ethnic composition of the resident population in Singapore over the last 30 years.
Ethnic composition (%) of resident population Ethnic 1970 1980 1990 2000 2006
Chinese 77.0 78.3 77.7 76.8 75.2
Malays 14.8 14.4 14.1 13.9 13.6
Indians 7.0 6.3 7.1 7.9 8.8
Others 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.4

Source: Singapore Department of Statistics. [1]
[edit] History of the Malay Kings of Singapore

The seventeenth-century Malay chronicle, the Sejarah Melayu or Malay Annals, tells of the founding of a great trading city on the island of Temasek in 1299 AD by a prince from Palembang. Palembang was then the capital of the diminishing Srivijayan Empire. The prince, Sri Tri Buana, (also known as Sang Nila Utama) was said to be a descendant of Alexander the Great and an Indian princess called Shahru Al-Bariyah. Legend states that he renamed the city Singapura ("lion city") after sighting a strange beast that he took to be a lion although there is no real historical evidence of this.

In the mid-fourteenth century, Singapura suffered raids by the expanding Javanese Majapahit Empire to the south and the emerging Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya to the north, both at various times claiming the island as a vassal state. Around 1388, the ruler of Palembang, Parameswara, came to Singapore to flee from Majapahit control. He murdered the king and seized power. It was a futile act. The Srivijayan Empire, already in decline, finally met its end when Majapahit attacked its capital Palembang in 1391. In 1396, Majapahit or Ayutthaya forces drove out Parameswara, who fled northward and founded kingdom of Malacca in 1400.

When the Portuguese captured Malacca in 1511, the last Malaccan sultan, Mahmud Shah, fled to Johore, where he established the new Johore Sultanate. Singapura became part of this sultanate. In 1613, however, the Portuguese reported burning down a trading outpost at the mouth of the Temasek (Singapore) River, and Singapura passed into history.

The territory controlled by the Johore Riau Lingga Pahang Sultanate in the late eighteenth century still included Singapore as part of its territory. The sultanate had become increasingly weakened by a division into a Malay faction, which controlled the peninsula and Singapore, and a Bugis faction which controlled the Riau Archipelago and Sumatra. When Sultan Mahmud Riayat Shah III died in 1812, the Bugis had proclaimed the younger of his two sons, Abdul Rahman, as sultan instead of the elder son, Tengku Long. While the sultan was the nominal ruler of his domain, senior officials actually governed the sultanate. In control of Singapore and the neighboring islands was Temenggong Abdul Rahman, Tengku Long’s father-in-law. In 1818, he and some of his followers left Riau for Singapore shortly after the Dutch signed a treaty with the Sultan Abdul Rahman, allowing the Dutch to station a garrison at Riau.

In 1819, Tengku Long signed a treaty with the British led by Sir Stamford Raffles. In exchange for British protection and recognising him as Sultan of Johore, Tengku Long agreed to allow the British to establish a trading post in Singapore. Proclaimed as Sultan Hussein Shah, he became the Sultan of Johore.

In 1835, Sultan Hussein Shah died and was succeeded by his eldest son, Tengku Ali. Sultan Hussein had signed away his rights over the island in exchange for the land at Kampong Gelam plus an annual stipend for his family. After the Sultan's death, disputes broke out among his descendants. In the late 1890s, they went to court, where it was decided that no one in the family had the rights as the successor to the sultanate and the land at Kampong Gelam should be reverted to the state [Tengku Mahmud vs. Tengku Ali, Straits Settlements Laws Report 1897 (Vol. 5)]. This ended the reign of the Malay kings in Singapore.
[edit] Malay Kings of Singapore (1299 -1396 AD)

* Sri Tri Buana (Sang Nila Utama) (1299 -1347)

* Raja Kecil Besar (Paduka Seri Pikrama Wira) (13xx -13xx)

* Raja Muda (Rakna Pikrama) (13xx-13xx)

* Paduka Seri Maharaja (Damia Raja) (13xx-13xx)

* Raja Iskandar Shah (Parameswara) (1388 or 1390 (?) -1396)

[edit] Malay Kings of Singapore (1699 -1835 AD)

* Bendahara Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah IV (Sultan of Riau-Lingga-Pahang) (1699-1718)

* Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah (Raja Kecil) (Sultan of Riau-Lingga-Pahang) (1718-1722)

* Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Al-Alam Shah (Sultan of Johore-Riau-Lingga-Pahang) (1722-1760)

* Sultan Mahmud Riayat Shah III (Sultan of Johore-Pahang) (1761-1812)

* Sultan Abdul Rahman (Sultan of Lingga) (1812 –1832) (Placed on the throne instead of his older brother Hussein.)

* Sultan Hussein Shah (Sultan of Singapore) (1819 –1835) (Recognised by the British as the rightful Sultan of Johore.)

[edit] Migration of Malays to Singapore after 1819

Singapore was not uninhabited when Sir Stamford Raffles came in January 1819.The waters of Telok Blangah, the Kallang River and other rivers had been home to the Orang Laut or Sea Nomads for a very long time. Here were also Malay settlements along the Kallang River Basin and the Singapore River. Turnbull reported that there was an estimated 1,000 people living in Singapore. There were about 500 Orang Kallang, 200 Orang Seletar, 150 Orang Gelam, 100 Orang Lauts , 20-30 Malays who were the followers of Temenggong Abdul Rahman and about 20-30 Chinese.

In the first census taken in 1824, it was revealed that the Malays (including the Bugis) then made up 60.9 per cent of the total population of 10,683.
Ethnic number of resident population in 1824 Ethnic Group Population
Europeans 74
Armenians 16
Arabs 15
Malays 4,580
Bugis 1,925
Chinese 3,317
Indians 756
Total population 10,683
[edit] The Orang Laut (Sea Nomads)

According to Sopher (1977), the Orang Kallang, Orang Seletar, Orang Selat and Orang Gelam were the Orang Laut that lived in Singapore. The Orang Kallang (also called the Orang Biduanda Kallang) lived in the swampy areas in the Kallang River. They lived on boats and sustained their lives by fishing and collecting other materials from the forests. After 1819, they were relocated by Temenggong Abdul Rahman to the northern Singapore Straits at Sungai Pulau. Tragically in 1848, the Orang Kallang were wiped out by a smallpox epidemic.

The Orang Seletar lived in the river swamps and the small islands surrounding mainland Singapore. They would often gather on the coastal areas especially on the estuary of the Seletar River. They lived a nomadic lifestyle until the 1850s when they started living on land and followed the lifestyles of others living in Singapore.

The Orang Selat lived in the harbour waters of Keppel Singapore. They were believed to have traversed the waters of Keppel Harbour since the early 16th century, making them one of the earliest settlers of the island. They sold fish and fruits to the trading vessels that passed the area.

The Orang Gelam came from a tribe in Batam Island. They were brought by the Temenggong of Johor together with a group of his followers to establish a settlement in the first decade of the 19th century. Many of the Orang Gelam who lived along the Singapore River served as boatmen for merchant ships while their womenfolk were fruit sellers on boats.

The Orang Laut differed from the Malays in that they lived a nomadic lifestyle and lived at sea in their boats whereas the Malays lived in settlements in the villages on the land.
[edit] The Malays

When Raffles came to Singapore, there were already hundreds of indigenous Malays living there. They were made up of the nobility that were headed by the Temenggong, the palace officials and his followers as well as the Orang Laut. Subsequently, the numbers increased with the arrivals of other Malays from Malaya and the Malay Archipelago.

In a matter of several months, hundreds of Malays from Malacca came to Singapore, encouraged by the British who wanted to develop Singapore as a centre for trade and administration (Siebel, 1961:27). When Singapore became more developed and there were better economic opportunities, many Malays from Riau, Sumatra, Penang, Malacca and Johore came to Singapore (Roff, 1967:33; Census 1931:72). Many of these Malays lived in the towns and worked there (Siebel, 1961:35). The census for 1931 showed that the total number of Malay men working here were as many as 11,290. Out of this number, 18% worked as fisherman and as many as 12% lived by farming the land.

In the 1930s and 1950s, many Malay residents from Malaya were working in the British uniformed services. In 1957 alone, there were more than 10,000 Malays working in the uniform services because the British preferred them to the Javanese or Malays from Indonesia (Betts, 1975:41; Djamour, 1959:5). However, during the period 1957-1970, most of them returned to Malaysia when their terms of services ended.
[edit] The Javanese

The second largest group were the Javanese. They came from Java in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia). In the 1931 Population Census, the number of Javanese in Singapore was 16,063. The 1981 Population Census, however, showed that they made up 6% of the Malay population. However, many Javanese had actually registered themselves as 'Malay'. It is likely that the actual percentage of the Javanese within the Malay population was much higher. The Javanese came to Singapore in stages. In the mid-19th century, they came and worked as ironsmiths, leather makers as well as spice merchants and religious books dealers. There were also a group of Javanese printers and publishers in the Arab Street area. There were also community of pilgrim brokers that played an important role in encouraging the migration of the Javanese to Singapore.

The political situation in the Dutch East Indies created by the Dutch government caused many Javanese go through Singapore to travel to Mecca to perform the hajj. From the mid-19th century until 1910, between 2,000 to 7,000 Javanese travelled to Mecca through Singapore until the regulations were eased (Roff 1967:39). Usually, these pilgrims would work in Singapore for several months or years before or after performing the hajj to earn money or pay their debts to their pilgrim brokers. Many of them stayed on in Singapore and became part of the Muslim community in the city (Roff, 1967:43).

A number of Javanese also came to Singapore with the help of the pilgrim brokers. They came voluntarily and a majority of them were young men who stayed in the lodgings of the pilgrim brokers until they found work. They worked as food sellers, gardeners and provided labour for the pilgrim brokers to build lodging homes for them. The pilgrim brokers also took in bonded labourers who worked for Malay or Javanese employers to clear forests to set up settlements in Johore, Malaya (Roff, 1967:37). The activities with these bonded labourers continued until the 1920s. From 1886 till 1890, as many as 21,000 Javanese became bonded labourers with the Singapore Chinese Protectorate, an organisation formed by the British in 1877 to monitor the Chinese population. They performed manual labour in the rubber plantations. After their bond ended, they continued to open up the land and stayed on in Johore.

After the Second World War, the total number of Javanese coming to Singapore continued to increase. The first wave consisted of conscript labour that were brought by the Japanese and their numbers were estimated to be about 10,000 (Turnbull, 1976:216). The second wave were those who moved to Singapore through Malaya. The 1970 Population Census showed that a total of 21,324 Malays who were born in Malaya (later Malaysia) had moved to Singapore in the years 1946-1955; and as many as 29,679 moved to Singapore from 1956-1970 (Census 1970:262-3). Interviews conducted showed that a majority of them were young men of Javanese descent from Johore who wanted to find a better life in Singapore. Most of them were not educated and not highly skilled and worked as manual labourers in the post war years.
[edit] The Baweanese (Boyanese)

The Baweanese or Boyanese came from the Bawean Island in the Dutch East Indies. They built the Kampung Boyan (Boyanese Village) by the banks of the Rochor River, between Jalan Besar and Syed Alwi Road since the time of Munshi Abdullah. Most of them came to Singapore in the late 19th century until the end of Second World War. The majority of them worked as horse cart drivers and later as motorcar drivers. They could not be considered poor as their lands in Bawean were fertile; they had come in search of cash earnings. They wanted to purchase jewellery made of gold and goods that they could bring back to their villages. Some also wanted to build a better life for themselves in Singapore.

Most of them were young men who came and supported themselves, living in communal houses. There were several such houses built in Singapore. They were found in places like Adam Communal House in Ann Siang Hill, Teluk Dalam Communal House in Dixon Road and Dedawang Communal House in Sophie Road. There was also a village within the town area that was inhabited by the Baweanese called Kampung Kapur (literally ‘Lime Village’) in the western part of Kampung Boyan (Boyan Village). A mosque called the Masjid Bawean Kampung Kapur (Bawean Mosque of Lime Village) located at Weld Road was built in 1932. There was also a communal house that became the gathering point for writers and their friends from the literary group called Jejak Kembara (literally ‘Wandering Steps’) in the late 1970s.

Due to the fact that they shared the same religion and were closely related racially, both the Baweanese and the Javanese were able to mix freely and even intermarried with the Malays. In time, this caused the differences between them to be less obvious and more Baweanese and Javanese began identifying themselves as Malays.
[edit] The Bugis

The Bugis came from the Celebes Islands in Indonesia. They were well known for a long time as maritime traders. In the mid-seventeenth century, the Bugis were spreading out from Celebes to set up trading centres throughout the region. Often they had to sail to distant lands and fight indigenous tribes. They rarely lost and acquired a reputation as fierce warriors.

The Dutch control of the Dutch East Indies and their blockades cut off the Bugis from their traditional spice trade routes from Celebes to Java. This forced them to migrate to other areas to continue trading. Their migration to what is today Malaysia, Singapore and Riau began around the 18th century or even earlier. At the beginning of the 19th century, the number of Bugis traders in the region increased. Their influence in Riau was strong. Among the Bugis traders were also members of the nobility like Engku Karaeng Talibak who married the daughter of Raja Ali Haji. According to Raja Ali Haji in his work, Tuhfat al-Nafis, the presence of Karaeng Talibak brought more Bugis traders to Riau.

The establishment of a free port in Singapore allowed the Bugis to expand their network in the archipelago. Sailing from Sumatra to north Australia, the Bugis ships brought cargoes of cotton cloth, gold dust, birds-of-paradise feathers, pepper, trepang (sea slugs), sandalwood, tortoiseshell, coffee and rice to Singapore. Most of these goods were very much in demand by the Chinese merchants in Singapore. The Bugis also traded in slaves.

James Cameron gave a description in 1865 of the various ships that would visit Singapore’s harbour. According to him, each year during October and November, the Bugis ships would come from Bali and the Celebes.

By the 1830s, the Bugis had established themselves in Singapore and formed the majority of the pioneer communities in the Kampung Gelam area. By 1881, the Census of Population reported 2,053 Bugis in Singapore. The Bugis gradually formed kampongs and settlements in places like Kampung Bugis (around the Kallang River), Kampung Soopoo, Jalan Pelatok and Jalan Pergam.
[edit] The Minangkabaus

The Minangkabau people came from Western Sumatra. The Minangkabaus are known for their matrilineal social system and their tradition for travelling. The Minangkabaus would leave their homes and travel in search of work, knowledge and experience. They would usually return home once they had fulfilled their objective. This tradition of travelling was a rite of passage for the young Minangkabau men and was considered a way for them to be in touch with the outside world.

The Minangkabaus have been migrating to Malaysia and Singapore since long ago. This only stopped when Malaya achieved independence from the British in 1957, when the immigration laws were tightened. The majority of Minangkabaus who came to Singapore came from Pariaman and Agam in Western Sumatra. The majority of them were engaged in business, especially in selling nasi padang (a rice dish made of meat, vegetables and tempeh). The Minangkabaus also sold religious items, toys and clothes. They had shops in Arab Street and Geylang. They also worked as taxi drivers, gardeners and joined uniformed services. Many Minangkabaus also worked as sailors on ships owned by trading companies. The Minangkabaus even formed an association at one time but this was subsequently banned during the 1962-66 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.

After Singapore became an independent state in 1965, the majority of Minangkabaus either migrated to Malaysia or returned back to Sumatra. Those who stayed in Singapore assimilated into the Malay community. Not many Minangkabaus brought their wives or women with them to Singapore. As such, many married the local Malay women and did not maintain strong ties with the other Minangkabau communities. By 1973, it was estimated that there were 200 Minangkabaus family in Singapore and almost all of them were Singapore citizens.
[edit] The Banjar

The Banjar people originated from the southern and eastern coast of Kalimantan in Borneo. Most came from Banjarmasin in the area surrounding the Barito basin. These areas were used for the cultivation of paddy. The Banjarese who migrated to the Malay Peninsula were farmers who were experienced in paddy cultivation. They also migrated to spread Islam to the region, to escape poverty and the oppressive Dutch rule of their homeland. Some also wanted to escape the presence of wild animals that threatened their farms in Kalimantan.

The Banjarese generally did not like to be employees. They preferred to be self-employed, working as either farmers or businessmen. The Banjar were also well known as jewel cutters and dealers in the region. Many came to Singapore to deal in the jewellery trade and had their shops in Arab Street. They even formed a Kalimantan Association in Singapore.

The Banjarese made up a very small percentage of the Malay population in Singapore. In 1931, they numbered 445 out of a total Malay population of 65,104 (0.7%). In 1947, they formed only 0.3 % of the population. This dropped to 0.2% in 1957 and 0.1% in 1970. By 1980 and 1990, the total numbers could not be determined, probably because the Banjarese have effectively assimilated into the Malay community.
[edit] The Batak

The Batak people are the smallest Malay group in Singapore. Up till 1978, there were less than 350 Bataks in Singapore. Unlike other Malay groups that are predominantly Muslim, there are many Christians in the Batak community (Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans, Jehovah's Witnesses).

The Batak had been coming to Singapore before the 20th century. Not much is known about the Bataks that came to Singapore in the 19th century and before World War 2. Most were young men in their twenties who were from the Toba, Mandailing and Angkola.

The Bataks came to Singapore for economic, educational and social reasons. Most of those who came to Singapore before the War had received their primary education in the Batak and Malay language. Some came to Singapore to continue their education in the private and Christian schools. For example, the Seventh-day Adventist organisation had students' amenities in Singapore in 1915 and they encouraged the Bataks from Spirok, Angkola and Permatang Siantar in Sumatra to send their children to continue their studies in Singapore. An English education was prized as it was seen as a passport to getting a white-collar job in the plantations in Eastern Sumatra that were owned by the Dutch and the Americans. After receiving their education in Singapore, the Bataks would return to their homeland. Some would marry and bring their wives to Singapore. The Batak Christians were the first Bataks to bring their wives to Singapore.

Most of the Bataks who came before World War 2 worked as gardeners, peons and manual labourers. During the Japanese Occupation, the Bataks were conscripted as foot soldiers or forced labourers by the Japanese. Some were sent to Singapore for military training. After the War, many of the Bataks returned home. At the same time, many others came to Singapore from places like Medan, Palembang and the Riau Islands. Some managed to find work as clerks, storekeepers and some started businesses with non-Bataks partners. Some also joined the British army as soldiers, technicians and electricians. Others started identifying themselves as Malays so that they could join the military or get jobs given to local Malays.

In 1947, the Bataks in Singapore formed a welfare organisation called Saroha (“one heart” in the Batak language). The aim of the organisation was to help the Bataks in Singapore. The organisation lasted until 1954 and was disbanded due to leadership problems and a lack of support from its members. Attempts to revive it later in 1958 proved futile.

There were Bataks who took Malay wives and converted to Islam. The majority of them and their descendants were assimilated into the Malay community and preferred to be known as Malays. A well-known Batak Muslim in Singapore is the radio personality, Aminah Siregar.
[edit] Ethnic composition of Malay population 1931-1990

The following figures show the composition of the various Malay ethnic population in Singapore for the past 60 years. The great increase shown in the other Malay groups, especially the Javanese, in 1990 is likely due to the increase in the employment of Indonesian domestic workers in Singapore.
Ethnic Composition of Malay population in Singapore 1931-1990 Malay Ethnic Group 1931 1947 1957 1970 1980 1990
Total 65,104 113,803 197,059 311,379 351,508 384,338
Malay 57.5% 61.8% 68.8% 86.1% 89.0% 68.3%
Javanese 24.5% 21.7% 18.3% 7.7% 6.0% 17.2%
Baweanese (Boyanese) 14.4% 13.5% 11.3% 5.5% 4.1% 11.3%
Bugis 1.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.2% 0.1% 0.4%
Banjar 0.7% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% N.A. N.A.
Other Malay Groups / Indonesians 1.7% 2.1% 0.9% 0.4% 0.8% 2.9%

(Reference: Arumainathan 1973, Vol 1:254; Pang, 1984, Appendix m; Sunday Times, 28 June 1992)
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show me where I did that...lol yeah thats right because it never happened...ur the one who brought up Japan in this discussion fool

Temporary amnesia, you'll do it again don't worry .. you have a lot of mistakes anyway in your 'guessing' ethnicity, either you do it on purpose or not I don't really care. You need help seriously ..

Interesting signature btw, alot of vietnamese can easily pass for japanese, but not that guy or yourself : )

Sorry I still wanna chew the chewing gum and a large number of an opposition senate in office to balance the goverment